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Hospitality

Fire Safety in Hospitality

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It is essential for businesses within the hospitality industry to consider the importance of fire safety in their buildings. The consequences of a blaze in a hotel can have a devastating impact with tragic consequences on its guests and employees. It is imperative that fire safety measures are implemented; such as the correct fire protection equipment throughout the building and adequate training for staff.
The hospitality industry is required by The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 to complete risk assessments on all businesses and provide resolutions for all risks identified. As a FIRAS accredited provider, Broadsword can provide these services to companies in the sector including hotels and restaurants providing all fire protection and prevention services.
As a qualified provider of fire protection and prevention services here are our top tips for fire safety within hospitality.

Fire Risk Assessments

As part of the Fire Safety Order, a risk assessment for fire safety is required. The responsibility of arranging the fire risk assessment usually lies on the owner of the building or the person they have appointed to be the ‘responsible person’.
A fire risk assessment must include:
• Hazards – What potential hazards were found on the premises that could increase the risk of a fire.
• Who the risk affects? – Considerations as to who could be directly impacted from a fire breaking out in the building.
• Evacuation Plan – Based on the potential hazards and people identified in the risk assessment, a plan should then be considered of how the business will evacuate these people in an event of a fire.
• Findings – Record the actions taken by the company to reduce the risk of fire including the removal of fire hazards or the additional training that staff undertake.
• Maintain assessment – Renew the fire risk assessment regularly and when updates have been made to the premises.

Fire Wardens

Fire wardens are essential for the safe evacuation of guests and employees in the event of a fire. When appointing fire wardens there are some important factors to consider:
• Competency – Is the potential person competent of all the tasks they would be expected to do? Are they happy that they understand the importance of the task and comfortable with the level of responsibility they’d have?
• Training – The company is required to adequately train their fire wardens to ensure they are aware of their responsibilities and are able to carry them out.
• Scheduling – A fire warden must be present on the premises at all times and it is the responsibility of the ‘responsible person’ to ensure that a fire warden is on duty 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
• Quantity – The number of fire wardens required is dependent on factors including the size and layout of the building and the number of guests.

Fire Safety Training

In the event of a fire, the business requires employees to be trained in what actions to take for themselves and the safety of the guests. Failure to train employees could result in unnecessary confusion and risk.
Companies should consider:
• Do employees know what the fire alarm sounds like?
•Do employees know the evacuation procedure?
• Do employees know what to do if a fire occurs?
The Fire Safety Order states that fire safety training to employees is a legal requirement. Hazard perception training is something that a lot of companies will also teach their staff in order for employees to understand what to look out for when they are at work.

Fire Escape Routes

Multiple fire escape routes should be implemented so that all guests and employees have a variety of ways of escaping the building should a fire break out. These routes should be clearly signposted to everybody and should be kept clear of any obstructions including boxes, furniture or equipment. Alternative routes should be available for people with disabilities.

Fire Evacuation Drills

After evacuation plans have been put in place and fire wardens are appointed, it is essential that companies have regular fire drills to ensure that employees are familiar with the procedure.

Appoint a Trusted Fire Safety Services Provider

Fire safety is a legal requirement that businesses want to get right. It is highly recommended that you enlist the advice of a qualified Fire Safety Provider to remain compliant and ensure that you meet the British Standards.
At Broadsword, we understand the responsibility that business owners have to comply with the law, protect their building and ensure the safety of their staff and residents. This is a job that needs to be done correctly, first time.  As a FIRAS accredited company, Broadsword have the knowledge and expertise to ensure fire safety compliance for all required works without the need for additional contractors. It is our promise to you to carry out work to the highest standard and the utmost professionalism. Business owners never need to worry again with the peace of mind of total fire protection.

Install Reliable Fire Safety Systems

Fire detection and alarm systems are legal requirements in a lot of hospitality establishments. There are many factors to consider including the following:
• Are the alarms appropriate for those with hearing difficulties?
• Are there a sufficient number of fire extinguishers on the premises?
•Are call points free from vandalism?

System Maintenance

Your Fire Safety services provider should be able to maintain your fire protection systems should you require it. As part of this service, Broadsword can check fire safety equipment as well as carry out any repairs.
We are able to carry out maintenance on the following:
• Fire extinguishers
• Emergency lighting
• Fire alarms
• Kitchen suppression
• Sprinkler systems

Communication of Procedures

Businesses are required to communicate their fire evacuation plan to guests, visitors and contractors.
This information can be provided in a number of ways including a verbal briefing or in written format that is presented to the guest or is displayed somewhere they will see it.

Review Your Process

All fire safety practices should be regularly reviewed particularly when the building has been updated in any way such as the installation of new fire doors or if the purpose of a room has been changed.
hotels

Fire Compartmentation in Hotels

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Fire safety is a key concern for all hotel owners, managers and responsible persons. Due to the size of the building, multiple floor levels and amount of people they can hold at capacity there is a larger risk of mass damage and casualties that could lead to expensive insurance pay outs and potential criminal prosecution should the business be found negligent. It is essential for fire protection measures, such as compartmentation, be installed and maintained throughout the building alongside adequate fire-fighting equipment and a detailed fire evacuation plan.

What is the Purpose of Compartmentation?

Compartmentation is one of the key components to passive fire protection. It is achieved by sectioning buildings into separate ‘fire compartments’ with the use of fire doors, walls and floors made up of fire-resistant materials. Compartmentation is a current building regulation and British Standard requirement and is installed to:
  • Prevent the spread of fire, smoke and toxic gas
  • Breaks the building down into manageable areas of risk
  • Contains the fire to provide time for occupants to safely evacuate the premises
The most common cause of death from fire is when people become overcome by smoke inhalation. Fire and rescue services reported 380 fire related casualties of which 34% of these were due to smoke and fumes. Sufficient fire compartmentation of hotels could be the difference between residents making it out of the building alive.
For buildings such as hotels where an escape route needs to be separated from the rest of the premises by fire resisting construction such as a dead-end corridor or protected stairway the following compartmentation should be installed:
  • All doors (including hatches, ducts and vertical shafts), floors, walls, and ceilings should be made with fire resistant materials specifically rated so that if a fire were to break out, they would contain the fire and smoke for long enough for people to evacuate.
  • Where suspended or false ceilings are provided, fire resistant materials should extend up to the floor slab level above.
  • Cavity barriers, fire stopping and dampers

What are the Fire Protection Systems?

The Fire Safety Order 2005 requires all workplaces to have an active and passive fire protection system in place along with an effective fire safety management plan. Whilst fire safety management is generally something the responsible person can do with some assistance from compliance manuals, the installation of active and passive fire systems require the knowledge and expertise of professionals and so it will be the job of the responsible person to find them.
Active fire systems are used for suppression and detection of the fire. This will range from the smoke detection systems installed in resident’s rooms and other key parts of the hotel to a sprinkler system that would actively combat the fire to allow time for occupants to evacuate the premises and for the fire brigade to arrive.
Passive fire systems have been touched upon in the previous section and work alongside the active fire system to provide total fire safety to the hotel building.

Fire Safety Tips and Checklist for Hotels

  1. Provide fire safety training for all employees and have a detailed evacuation plan that is rehearsed at minimum twice a year.
  2. Fire risk assessments should be carried out annually or if there have been changes made to the building.
  3. Fire alarms should be tested weekly.
  4. Equipment checks, training and fire evacuation drills should be recorded in the fire safety book.
  5. Emergency lights should be fully functioning and tested at regular intervals. They are mandatory in stairwells, hallways and public rooms.
  6. Fire doors should be in full working order with no damage to them and should never be wedged open.
  7. Checks of the building where fire alarms and escape routes are tested.
  8. Fire action notices should be made available at all call points and in resident’s rooms so they are clear of the evacuation plan in the event of a fire.
  9. All emergency exit signs should be visible and illuminated.
  10. Fire extinguishers should be checked for damage and arranged to be replaced as soon as possible.

The Broadsword Promise

At Broadsword, we understand the responsibility that hotel owners have to comply with the law, protect their building and ensure the safety of their staff and clients. This is a job that needs to be done correctly, first time.  As a FIRAS accredited company, Broadsword have the knowledge and expertise to ensure fire safety compliance for all required works without the need for additional contractors. It is our promise to you to carry out work to the highest standard and the utmost professionalism. Hotel owners never need to worry again with the peace of mind of total fire protection.
Hospitals

Passive Fire Protection in Hospitals

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Fire safety including passive fire protection in hospitals is of the utmost importance particularly when considering the number of potentially vulnerable people at risk on the premises. Hospitals could not only find themselves financially liable for millions of pounds in repairs, they could also face the possibility of prison sentences and fines should they be found negligent for not having the correct systems in place. The cost of not complying with the law far outweighs the cost of installing the correct systems and should be a priority for all healthcare facilities.

What is Passive Fire Protection?

Passive fire protection is the use of fire-resistant materials and structural components that look to separate the building into different areas of risk. Essentially, they work to slow the spread of fire and smoke, to protect the structural integrity of the building and to provide time for all occupants of the building to evacuate. Passive fire protection is a component of a total fire protection system that looks to collaboratively suppress and resist fire. Passive fire protection looks to contain fire and is achieved through the installation of columns, walls, floors and doors. Each of these need to prevent structural collapse, heat conduction and the spread of smoke and noxious gases to be considered effective.

Fire Safety and the Law 

Fire safety in hospitals falls under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) order which sets fire safety laws for most public buildings and places of work. It requires the appointment of a Responsible Person for the hospital whose job it is to ensure the installation of a total fire protection system (active and passive) and carrying out fire prevention tasks including: a fire risk assessment, fire safety policies and have a strategy in place to implement them including the rehearsal of fire evacuations for patients, staff and visitors. The initial risk assessment looks to outline the potential risks against the hospital, the classification of those risks in terms of priority and the actions of the hospital to mitigate the risks.

Lessons from History

The importance of having a passive fire protection system in place was sadly learned with the catastrophic fire of St Anthony’s Hospital in Effingham, Illinois in 1949, which killed 70 people including 11 new born babies. It was from this disaster that we learned that fire resistant materials and compartmentalisation were an integral aid that provided hospitals enough time to evacuate their patients.
Although much more stringent regulations are in order, hospitals are still at risk with incidents happening nationwide and with the smallest causes. An operating theatre in Ashford had to be temporarily closed in 2014 because somebody had left overcooked food in a microwave filling the room with smoke.  More seriously, four people required medical attention after a fire broke out at a hospital in Stoke Mandeville in Buckinghamshire.
The risks of fire in hospitals are very real and it is imperative that buildings have the necessary protection in place to ensure compliance with the law and to protect patients, staff and visitors.

What Passive Fire Protection is required in Hospitals?

Hospitals and healthcare facilities have evolved and expanded requiring hospital owners to address the unique set of challenges that are now faced in terms of fire safety. Whilst fire safety management is generally something the responsible person can do with some assistance from compliance manuals, the installation of active and passive fire systems require the knowledge and expertise of professionals of which it is the job of the responsible person to find them.
To increase fire safety in hospitals, the following passive fire protection should be considered:
  • Fire Doors and Compartmentalisation – Hospitals face unique challenges when considering fire evacuation due to the consideration required to be given to vulnerable patients receiving care. The condition of these patients may result in total evacuation not being possible. With this in mind, fire doors and compartment lines are essential for the building’s fire protection strategy, preventing the spread of fire and smoke and allowing time for patients to be recovered. Compartmentalisation is critical when containing a fire and is achieved through the use of fire resistance floors, walls and cavity barriers. All fire-resistant materials are rated to withstand fire for a certain amount of time. Currently, the fire doors in NHS hospitals offer 30 minutes of protection with some offering more in buildings containing more vulnerable patients where evacuation may take longer.
  • Fire Door Survey and Restoration – As well as installing the right type of fire doors, it is essential to that they are checked regularly to ensure their efficacy in the event of a fire. With many fire doors being used by the hospital on a daily basis, it is not uncommon for them to be damaged by trolley, wheelchairs and people. Significant damage to a fire door will affect its fire resistance rendering it inoperative. To prevent this from happening a fire door survey by a qualified inspector is recommended. Should fire doors not be compliant, a restoration service can be sought to bring the quality of the door back up to standards and remain compliant.

The Broadsword Promise

At Broadsword, we understand the responsibility that hospitals have to comply with the law, protect their building and ensure the safety of their people. This is a job that needs to be done correctly, first time.  As a FIRAS accredited company, Broadsword have the knowledge and expertise to ensure fire safety compliance for all required works without the need for additional contractors. It is our promise to you to carry out work to the highest standard and the utmost professionalism. Hospitals never need to worry again with the peace of mind of total fire protection.

Fire Protection in Care Homes

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A government report relating to fire showed that 47% of all fatalities from fires in England were people aged 65 and above with the most common cause being overcome by gas and smoke. Based on this the elderly are 10 times more likely to die in a fire than young people. For this reason, it is paramount that fire procedures within care homes must be meticulous. There is a lot more to consider than just a clearly signed fire exit or strategically placed fire extinguisher.  Care home residents are often less mobile or completely bed bound, they could suffer from illnesses such as dementia or hard of hearing. All of these health issues pose significant concerns when considering fire safety and protecting residents in the event of a fire.

Who is Responsible?

Fire safety measures and the requirements are covered under the Fire Safety Order and the Care Act which is regulated by the Care Quality Commission. Under the Fire Safety Order, a responsible person must be appointed to have overall responsibility for fire safety. This is the employer, owner or controller of the premises. In a care home, the responsible person is usually the care manager.

The appointed responsible person/care manager is required to do the following:

  • Take all reasonable fire safety precautions to protect their staff and residents
  • Carry out a fire safety risk assessment and have it reviewed regularly
  • Eliminate or reduce dangerous substances within the care home
  • Premises is fitted with appropriate fire-fighting and fire detection equipment
  • Routes to fire exits are clear of obstructions
  • Carry out fire evacuation drills and ensure plan is sound
  • Appoint fire wardens to assist in managing fire safety
  • Ensure all dangerous substances used within the care home are labelled and stored away
  • Maintain fire protection systems to ensure they are working
  • Ensure fire safety procedures are communicated to employees and visitors
  • Train all employees on fire safety

Completing a Fire Risk Assessment

It is a legal requirement for the responsible person to get a fire risk assessment done for the care home premises and it will need to be reviewed and updated as appropriate. The fire risk must show that reasonable precautions are taken against all risks identified in order to protect the safety of their employees and residents. As care homes are high risk, the responsible person would need to ensure that the person carrying out the risk assessment has sufficient qualifications in fire safety.

The risk assessment is required to identify the potential ways a fire could start within the care home, identify all the people at risk, evaluate those risks and what steps are going to be taken to remove or reduce them and include evacuation plans, routes and trainings that staff and residents will have relating to fire safety.

Evacuation Plans, Drills and Training

The responsible person must devise an evacuation plan for the care home. It is a legal requirement for this to be in place and it must be frequently rehearsed in the form of a drill. Employees will need to be aware of the evacuation plan and when drills are to take place. Additionally, fire wardens must be appointed, the number required is dependent on the number of staff employed at the premises. For residents with health concerns that will impact on their ability to evacuate the premises, a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP) will need to be completed outlining their condition and what action needs to be taken to mitigate risks. A PEEP needs to be completed before the resident joins the care home and will need to be reviewed 14 days after they arrive once the staff have got to know their needs. It will then be reviewed every 6 months or if there is a significant change to the residents’ health.

Fire Protection Systems

The fire precautions that have been outlined in this article so far have all come under the category of fire safety management. This is one of three precautions that the Fire Safety Order requires a workplace to have installed. Alongside fire safety management, the responsible person is required to have adequate passive and active fire protection systems in place. Whilst fire safety management is generally something the responsible person can do with some assistance from compliance manuals, the installation of active and passive fire systems require the knowledge and expertise of professionals and so it will be the job of the responsible person to find them.

Active fire systems are installed to detect and suppress fires. This can range from smoke detection systems within residents’ rooms and the rest of the care home to a sprinkler system set up in the building to actively keep the fire at bay until the fire brigade arrive. It is important that the correct fire-fighting equipment and systems are installed and reviewed to ensure that all are in good working order.

Passive fire protection systems are the use of fire-resistant materials to compartmentalise the care home to slow the spread of fire and smoke, protect the structural integrity of the building and to provide time for all staff and residents to evacuate the building without causing accident or injury.  Having enough time to evacuate a burning building full of elderly residents with health concerns is going to be paramount for any care home and so it is vital that these systems are of good quality and installed to a high standard.

Put simply, implementing good fire safety within your care home could be the difference between life and death. This is a legal requirement and if the responsible person of the care home fails to carry out any of these requirements, they will be facing charges of negligence and prison time.

The Broadsword Promise

At Broadsword, we understand the responsibility that care managers have to comply with the law, protect their building and ensure the safety of their staff and residents. This is a job that needs to be done correctly, first time.  As a FIRAS accredited company, Broadsword have the knowledge and expertise to ensure fire safety compliance for all required works without the need for additional contractors. It is our promise to you to carry out work to the highest standard and the utmost professionalism. Care managers never need to worry again with the peace of mind of total fire protection.

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